Relationship between prison overcrowding and violence Essay

Connection between jail congestion and savagery - Essay Example A number different disturbing issues are rising as cautioned by policymakers and researchers, because of this unwanted pattern, for example, the regulatory turmoil, phenomenal brutality and medical problems. Thusly, relating crisis measures have been taken, to cook these issues.As expressed by Gaes and McGuire it has been accounted for dependent on the research facility tries that swarming and clog prompts hostility. Straight relapse methods were utilized in the late 1970’s to recognize the association between the standard indicia of opposition and expanding jail people for example the authority ‘incidents’ and convict hostility. Most if these investigates were on solid conviction that the expanding populace's densities in penitentiaries may bring about convict viciousness and antagonistic vibe and lead to bungle in the jail offices. In any case, despite the fact that some early statements to the opposite, their examinations have on the flawless neglected to deter mine an unequivocal relationship between spatial focus, public fixation, or convict insight of amassing, and growths in detainee animosity. A large portion of the examinations in such manner, related the raise in the prisoner savagery with increase in masses levels of the jail office. All things considered, a large portion of these explores couldn't understand other basic factors in coming to there results, for example, racial isolation strains, prison’s organization, and prisoner age patterns. ... Straight relapse methods were utilized in the late 1970's to recognize the association between the standard indicia of hostility and expanding jail masses for example the official 'occurrences' and convict animosity. Most if these investigates were on solid conviction that the expanding populaces densities in penitentiaries may bring about convict savagery and antagonistic vibe and lead to botch in the jail offices (P. 41-65). All things considered, despite the fact that some early assertions to the opposite, their investigations have on the flawless neglected to learn an unequivocal relationship between spatial fixation, shared focus, or convict wisdom of amassing, and extensions in detainee animosity. A large portion of the investigations in such manner, related the raise in the prisoner savagery with expand in masses levels of the jail office. In any case, the greater part of these explores couldn't understand other basic factors in coming to there results, for example, racial iso lation pressures, jail's organization, and prisoner age patterns. In addition, considers that were done all the more as of late and guarantee to have joined these perspectives in their examinations appear to explain the past indiscernible ends. (Freedman, P. 83-88) As per the discoveries of Robert Leger (P. 167-181) for the thought of congestion, ethnic pressures were for the most part mindful, especially in those groupings that are in the minority detainment facilities. He includes that thickness adds no coherent difference to these issues. Besides, Ekland-Olson (P. 163-176) and very others perceived that for the deviations in detainee misdeeds rates, not swarming however the age of the convict populace was

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Activities Management - Essay Example 29). Through estimating the adequacy of the new applications at the CEUPU, it turns out to be anything but difficult to compute the process duration for the applications procedure. Additionally, contrasting the application procedure and other various units can be a similar method of doing the counts. The preparing of an application includes a few assignments and activities thus countless individuals are normally associated with the since a long time ago run. Without question, the handling of uses is a drawn out game-plan that requires attentive assessment by a few checkers instructed to create evaluations (McFarlan and Delacey, 2003, p. 315). So as to compute the quantity of individuals engaged with the preparing of an application, it merits investigating some basic components. In the first place, it is evident that a unit manages generally more than 200 applications on a week by week premise. Thinking about this perspective, a few undertakings must be finished by various representatives, for example, agents, secretaries, and administrators, for the procedure to run easily at the appropriate time. This means the number the quantity of individuals associated with the procedure will be dictated by the sort of execution required in the framework. Beyond what 10 individuals from staff can be useful towards running the whole technique. In any case, it is significant that the expanded number of individuals accessible to run the procedure may bring disarray with regards to the dispensing of obligations. In this way, it is instructed while figuring the number concerning individuals engaged with the procedure to consider few individuals so as to guarantee adequacy is given the primary goal. Refering to on the way that the whole handling unit is customized to perform different errands, it might be hard to find an individual document. Worth referencing, for to be in position to find an individual record, a few counts and necessities must be met in like manner. In one manner or the other, the focal preparing unit is planned in such

Ironies In The Story Of An Hour Essays - The Story Of An Hour, Irony

Incongruities In The Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin utilizes the device of incongruity in The Story of an Hour to delineate the issue comparative with conjugal connections wherein one individual forces his private will upon the other. She presents, through the tale of Mrs. Mallard, an issue not socially acknowledged toward the finish of the nineteenth century. This is the tale of Mrs. Mallard, a lady with a heart condition who discovers her significant other has kicked the bucket in a train mishap. She responds with bitterness from the start, however in the wake of looking for isolation, understands that she is free. She is prepared to start her new life when her significant other, who was not engaged with the train mishap, returns home alive. The lady kicks the bucket from cardiovascular breakdown on the spot. The motivation behind incongruity in Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour is to pass on a message without saying it unequivocally. In the setting that the story was composed, toward the finish of the nineteenth century, lady were frequently not permitted numerous rights. Their job in the public eye was piddling contrasted with what men had. Chopin, a women's activist comparatively radical, utilizes incongruity in this specific story to show the inconsistent job ladies had seeing someone in the late 1800's. Mrs. Mallard's disclosure of her tragically deceased opportunity and want to live for herself just comes after her significant other's demise. The unexpected tone in the story is utilized by Chopin to introduce a socially unaccepted idea in a progressively worthy arrangement. In The Story of an Hour, Chopin utilizes various sorts of incongruity. The main kind of incongruity experienced is situational incongruity, where there is a differentiation between what is relied upon to occur in a specific circumstance and what really occurs. In the wake of lamenting with wild deserting the demise of her better half, Mrs. Mallard looks for isolation in her room. Presently the peruser begins to see the world through her eyes, a world brimming with new and unadulterated life. As she watches out of the window, she sees spring and all the new life it brings. The depictions utilized currently are far away from death. Mrs. Mallard gazes out the open window at the new spring life. With respect to the climate, rather than being melancholy and dull to represent demise, she sees patches of blue sky appearing to a great extent through the mists. She likewise specifies that flying creatures are singing and there is a flavorful breath of downpour noticeable all around, all pictu res not ordinarily connected with death. She is required to grieve her significant other's demise, yet interestingly, she is considering new life. Toward the finish of the story, Chopin utilizes sensational incongruity, where there is a differentiation between what the crowd knows and what the characters believe is going on. At the point when the specialists came they said she had kicked the bucket of coronary illness - of happiness that executes. Different characters are as yet clueless of her genuine bliss in death. They trust her delight relates with the adoration she had for her better half. Interestingly, the peruser realizes that the adoration she had for her better half could not hope to compare to the delight she feels upon the disclosure of her recently discovered opportunity. Mrs. Mallard starts to fantasize about carrying on with her life for herself. Free, free, free! are the words Mrs. Mallard murmurs in her room. Originating from a lady who simply lost her significant other, one can think about how was their relationship. Be that as it may, Mrs. Mallard explains that their relationship is one of adoration. Brently Mallard had never looked spare with adoration upon her. What's more, in like manner, she realized that she would sob again when she saw the sort, delicate hands collapsed in death. Nonetheless, love doesn't appear to be the issue here. Despite the adoration she has for her significant other Brently Mallard, the difficult she sees is the inconsistent relationship where one individual activities their incredible will on the other. Despite the fact that now and again she had cherished him, she is currently recapturing her opportunity. Another sign that advises the peruser regarding her new freedom is the disclosure of her first name. Her name i s Louise, she is no longer Mrs. Mallard, she is Louise, she has her own character since she is free. It is amusing

Long-Term Investment Decisions Essay - 275 Words

Long-Term Investment Decisions (Essay Sample) Content: Long-term Investment DecisionsStudents NameInstructors NameCourse Title DateLong-term Investment Decisions1) A plan that Managers could follow when selecting pricing strategies for making their products inelasticWhen the products are inelastic, it means that increase in price does not have a great impact on the quantity of products demanded. In this case, managers can increase the price of the product and never worry about the reduction in sales volume. In order to achieve the managers need to observe and follow the following: Careful determination of the market segment; as a manager it is important to understand the market, in which the company operates. This will facilitate in market segmenting. The information about the identified segments will enable the manager to adjust the product price accordingly (Smith, 2012). The pricing strategy should be performed in a way not to have any negative impacts on the sales. Assessing the closest substitutes; all the available information about the closest substitutes must be gathered. By considering this information, a manager must try to make the product be unique by ensuring it has a variety of features. These features will make the product be solely different and appear not substitutable. Consumers will become addicted to the product; hence, there will be no change in sales even when the prices are increased (Smith, 2012). Determination of the customers perception about the companys products; if the manager understands customers perception about the companys products, he/she will be able to set the prices accordingly. If the consumers view higher prices as an indication of higher quality, then the manager should always maintain higher prices for these products. Put greater consideration on the competitors pricing strategy; managers should consider the way the competitors are pricing similar products. By considering all these, the company will be able to determine specific pricing strategies for the pr oduct to be inelastic (Smith, 2012). Constant monitoring of market dynamics; there may be various changes in the market with time. These changes may include introduction of the new substitutes and changes in pricing strategies by competitors. Managers need to consider all these factors in an effort of determining the best pricing strategies that will make the products inelastic. Undertaking visual pricing of the products; this is where the company plays with the mind of customers by not using a price index ending with 0 and 5. For instance, 99 instead of 100, and 59 instead of 60. This will make the product remain inelastic all the time (Smith, 2012).2a.) Effects of the government policies on production and employmentThe government may come up with the various policies, which may have negative or positive impacts on the companys operations, such as production and employment. Some of these policies are either aimed at supporting the industry or discouraging the consumption of specifi c products. Regarding the issue of the employment, the government aims at ensuring that there are equal opportunities for everyone. These policies also aim at ensuring that the workers are not exploited, and their safety and health are maintained in a working environment. Some of these policies are: Production standards; the government through various bodies may set production standard to be followed by different companies in the different industries. These standards ensure that the products manufactured, especially food items, are fit for consumption. Sometimes following all these standards may be very expensive, causing high production costs. This will reduce the companys revenue leading to low profits.Price control policies; the government can control the price of commodities through economic regulations. Such policies are aimed at ensuring that consumers are not overcharged. They may also be aimed at discouraging monopoly and unhealthy competition among the firms (Andersen, 2011 ). All these will have an impact on production activities of various firms. Attainment of social goals; it is the duty of the government to ensure that its citizens are living in a healthy and clean environment. Hence, the government will have to come up with the policies, which will ensure that no company will cause environmental pollution. The companies, which may cause pollution, may be heavily punished. This will have an effect on the production activities of the company (England, 2007). Policies on workers' welfare; through some labor unions the government may come up with the policies, which will be ensuring that the employees are working in a healthy and safe working environment. This may even force companies to have insurance covers for their workers. This increases the cost of running the business (England, 2007). Retirement age; the government determines the retirement age in every profession. It may increase or decrease the retirement age of people. In case the retirement age is lowered, the companies may lose experienced manpower, which becomes hard to replace (England, 2007). b.) Potential effects that government policies could have on the low calorie Food CompanyThe government policies may have various effects on the low calorie food company, which may translate to higher costs. Constant inspection of food processing and set production standards may have financial effects on the company. Labor regulation acts by the government may also have some impacts on the company, since the government may dictate the way the workers should be treated in a working environment. The pricing strategies of the company may also be affected by these policies. In a way, the government may influence them. 3a.) Government regulation to ensure fairness in the low-calorie Microwavable food industryGovernment involvement in the food industry through its regulations may be aimed at ensuring fairness among the competitors. If competition in the food industry will not be re gulated, then there may be the behaviors, which will not be favorable to the sellers. Government involvement ensures fairness in the following ways: Prohibiting unfair competition; when the government is involved in the market, it ensures that the competition among the companies is fair, and no company is practicing unfair competition. This ensures that those companies, which are not well developed, also compete with the already existing ones. It also ensures that there is no restrictions on the entry into the market (Andersen, 2011). Protecting consumers against fraud; there are so many companies, which are involved in this industry. If the government is not involved in the market, then the consumers can be exploited through overpricing, misleading adverts, and poor quality products. Guarding public well-being and protection; government will ensure that the products available to the consumers are well inspected and have met all the safety measures (Andersen, 2011).The following wil l make the producers be keen when producing the products: Licensing; the government ensures that the firms, which are operating in such industries, are licensed before they start any operations in that industry. This is of a great importance not only to the other competitors, but also to the public in general (Andersen, 2011). Ensure production of healthy food; companies are supposed to manufacture the products, which are healthy to both adults and children. The food produced should have low calories amount in order to avoid obesity among the people. It is the duty of the government to oversee this.a.) Reasons for government involvement in a Market economyGovernment involvement in the market economy may be due to the various reasons. The government will be aimed at protecting the consumers, sellers, and policies. Some of these reasons include: To control entry and exit of the firms in the market; the government may involve itself in a market in order to control the way the firms are entering and leaving the market. Before any firm enters in the market, it must have all the necessary documentation. To determine levies and taxes; the government may enter into a market economy to determine the amount of taxes to be paid by various firms in a given industry. The government will also ensure that no firm evades the tax and in case no tax is paid the necessary actions are taken against the firm. To control the structure of the market; the government may want to discourage the emergence of monopoly in a given market. This means that the government has to be involved in the activities of the market in question. Ensuring that products are accessible to consumers; the government ensures that products are available to the consumers and can be access easily without any problem. This ensures no hoarding of products (Andersen, 2011).Examples of government involvement in such a market economy: The US federal government; the food processing sector is regulated by the state a nd federal agencies. These agencies are extensively involved in the regulatory oversight. The meat and poultry processing are regulated by USDAFSIS, while other food processing is regulated by FDA. Tanzania government; this government has enacted laws and regulators who are entrusted with responsibilities of regulating the food sector in the country. They are aimed at ensuring public health and safety, protecting the environment, and promoting a rational competition. 4a.) Examine the major complexities that would arise under expansion via capital projectsWhen there is expanding through capital projects, various complexities may arise, which may cause problems to the business. Some of these complexities include: Controlling difficulties; it may become difficult to control business activities in th...

An Enemy That Doesn t Need Direct Confrontation For Now

Shuker Yasin Ms. Brooks November 16, 2014 Essay 4 Research Paper ISIS: An enemy that doesn’t need direct confrontation for now After the death of Osama Bin Laden, the leader of AL-Qaeda, the U.S. have finally withdrew their troops from that battle ground and brought them home. President Obama has been declaring that he would bring the troops back home and he finally has. Now faced with another threat that has claimed the U.S. as their enemy, the U.S. has been put on the edge of the national security. The question now is, ‘Should the U.S. go after this enemy after just coming back from a war?’ There are some who think that this situation should be settled with as soon as possible and some who think that this isn’t our war to fight. The U.S.†¦show more content†¦Everyone knows that the U.S. president is the Commander Chief and that he can issue an order for troops to go wherever, but what about the troops themselves? Do they still have it in them to keep fighting with the mentality that everything will be fine? What about their health? Many troops comeback and suffer from Post-Trau matic Stress Disorder. Do the troops themselves want to go back to war? Sam Frizell in Time has shown a statistic of whether or not the troops think that it would be a good idea to reengage in this war itself, â€Å"Just over 70% of the troops polled were opposed to the U.S. military sending a substantial number of combat troops to Iraq to support the Iraqi security forces.† (Frizell) With that in mind, it seems that a majority of the troops that are being sent back aren’t going on their own will but because they are ordered to. The loss of soldier’s isn’t the only thing that needs to be fixed. The U.S. has spent so much on weapons that they need to also establish a stable amount of expenses that were lost. While the U.S. was in a great recession it was also in a long-term war. So much money was poured into that war even as the country suffered economically. Frida Ghitis in World Politics Review says, ‘The U.S. cannot pretend that it is an uninteres ted party in Iraq, having spent hundreds of billions of dollars and lost thousands of troops there.’ (Ghitis) What Ghitis is saying is truly under stable. No one can put so much effort into

Argument Paper About Gay Marriage - 2151 Words

Argument paper about Gay Marriage Abstract Marriage: a legally recognized relationship, set up by common or religious function, between two individuals who expect to live respectively as sexual and residential accomplices. Regularly this is between a man and a woman, in incredibly, before their families, to vow to spend whatever remains of their lives together. As times keep on evolving far and wide so has the thought and laws concerning marriage. Marriage is no more pretty much a man and a woman committing themselves to each other forever, it now envelops, gay and lesbians also, as they promise to love, respect, and trust each other all the times of their lives. Same-sex marriage, likewise ordinarily alluded to as Gay marriage, is a fervently issue that partitions an awesome number of individuals all through the world. In this pugnacious exposition, the subject is investigated by three of its fundamental contentions. The principal investigation of this point will include the capacity of same-sex couples to parent as adequate ly as their heterosexual partners. Next, the legitimate issues encompassing same-sex marriage are investigated. Ultimately, the religious contentions are assessed. Both sides of the contention for and against same-sex marriage are talked about while the per user is given an admiration for the position of supporting marriage equality. Same-Sex Marriage Gay marriage is a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the present day world. For as far back asShow MoreRelatedShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized in the United States Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesDebate Paper Should same sex marriage be legalized in the United States? In some of our states laws have already been passed to allow same sex couples the freedom to get married, while other states are still resisting for one reason or another. As with everything else there is more than one side, more than one argument supporting and more than one argument resisting the changes being proposed. There are religious reasons, moral reasons, constitutional reasons and financial reasons being used by bothRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legalized938 Words   |  4 Pages Gay marriage is in fact a controversial topic that many people feel strongly about. I believe that gay marriage should be legalized without being penalized by people who disagree with it. I will, within reason, explain to you why gay marriage should be legalized and argue against Karlee’s essay about why gay marriage shouldn’t be legalized. The first thing Karlee talks about in her opposing essay is, â€Å"Children of same-sex couples, biological or not, need both a mother and a father inRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The legalization of gay marriages is one of the most controversial issues throughout particularly in modern life. This paper, based on secondary research, arguing for legalizing same-sex marriage through specific analysis of its positive influences. In particular, there are two main benefits regarding society as well as economy. The finds of the research indicate that gays or lesbians are completely an important part of society. Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legallyRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized1309 Words   |  6 PagesKaterina Do Dr. Clay ENGL 1302-013 29 September 2015 Issue Proposal I would introduce this issue to an audience explaining that same-sex marriage, also called gay marriage, is a marriage or a civil union between couples of the same sex. I would continue to explain it as a controversial and moral issue discussed worldwide today, due to many gay couples coming out and openly expressing their need for equal rights. I would add onto and explain how supporters of equal rights and those who oppose theRead MoreReaction to Cars Gay Divorce1019 Words   |  4 PagesRe: Reaction to Card’s â€Å"Gay Divorce† Overview The institutional barriers to legally recognizing same-sex marriage engender a sense of injustice and an unethical violation of a Universal Human Right. While author Card does identify these fallacies and states that the law should not determine which adult unions are legitimate, she posits an unsettling alternative. Suggesting that same-sex marriage should not have been a political issue and proposing the abolition of marriage denies the LGBT communityRead MoreThe Right For Same Sex Couples Should Be Protected Under The Constitution1041 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of the Obama administration, the Gay Rights Movement has been a prominent topic in America because of it’s many victories including Congress’ decision to expand the definition of hate crimes to include sexual orientation and the repeal of â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† in 2010. In 2014, the right for same-sex couples to marry became protected under the Constitution, which marked the achievement of the Gay Rights Movement most important goal (Berman, 2014). Still, due toRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists believe that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legalized?935 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lot of controversy about gay marriage and whether or not it should be legalized in certain states that haven t yet legalized it. My opinion on this topic is that it should not be legalized for various reasons. 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Typically this is between a man and a woman, in love, as they come before their families, to pledge to spend the rest of their lives togetherRead MoreA Closer Look at Same Sex Relationships Essays936 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately same sex couples are being denied these rights in about thirty three U.S states. IV. Today, I am going to illustrate the reasons why same sex marriage should be legal. And why a topic that has been discussed so many a times needs to be addressed holistically so that all of America can enjoy equal liberties. TRANSTION-Opposition nowadays towards same sex marriage is outdated and irrelevant. Body I. People who are against gay marriage typically argue that homosexual couples are unsuitable parents

Gender and Moral Devt of Carol Gilligan free essay sample

Carol Gilligan compared the moral development of girls and boys in her theory of gender and moral development. She claimed that boys have a justice perspective meaning that they rely on formal rules to define right and wrong. Girls, on the other hand, have a care and responsibility perspective where personal relationships are considered when judging a situation. Gilligan also studied the effect of gender on self-esteem. She claimed that societys socialization of females is the reason why girls self-esteem diminishes as they grow older. Girls struggle to regain their personal strength when moving through adolescence as they have fewer female teachers and most authority figures are men. Every society has a system of learned attitudes about social practices, institutions, and behavior used to evaluate situations, experiences, and behavior as right or wrong, good or bad. Although, there are known standards of morality within the society in which we live, adults are driven and motivated differently on how they come to make their moral decisions every day. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Moral Devt of Carol Gilligan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carol Gilligan, well known psychologist, professor, and author, was the first to claim there are gender differences within the moral development between males and females. She believes that women have different moral criteria and follow a different path in maturation and that our lives are shaped by the moral questions and decisions we make every day (Hekman, 1997). In general, Gilligan’s research noted gender differences in feelings towards caring, relationships, and connections with other people among males and females. More specifically Gilligan noted that women are more concerned with care, relationships, and connections with other people and men are more inclined to think in terms of rules and justice. Gilligan’s alternative theory of development of women proposes three stages of preconventional, conventional, and post conventional where the transitions between the stages are fueled by changes in the sense of self rather than in changes in cognitive capability like those of her colleagues (Medea, 2009). Her theory is divided into three stages of moral development beginning from selfish, to social or conventional morality, and finally to post conventional or principled morality. Women must learn to deal to their own interests and to the interests of others. She thinks that women hesitate to judge because they see the complexities of relationships. Pre Conventional -Person only cares for themselves in order to ensure survival -This is how everyone is as children In this transitional phase, the person s attitude is considered selfish, and the person sees the connection between themselves and others. Conventional -Responsibility -More care shown for other people. -Gilligan says this is shown in the role of Mother Wife -Situation sometimes carries on to ignoring needs of self. In this transitional phase, tensions between responsibility of caring for others and caring for self are faced. Post Conventional -Acceptance of the principle of care for self and others is shown. -Some people never reach this level. Gilligan produces her own stage theory of moral development for women like Kohlbergs, it has three major divisions: preconventional, conventional, and post conventional. But for Gilligan, the transitions between the stages are fueled by changes in the sense of self rather than in changes in cognitive capability. Kohlbergs approach is based on Piagets cognitive developmental model. Moral decisions are egocentric (based on me) and concrete. It is assumed then that reward and punishment are the typical bases of reasoning in this stage. The conventional stage is based on the individuals ability to decenter their moral universe and take the moral perspective of their parents and other important members of society into account. The postconventional stage is based on the adults ability to base morality on the logic of principled decision making based on standards that are thought to be universalizable and not dependent on culture. Kohlbergs system was based on extensive research he and his students did with interviews in which they asked children and adults to give the reasons they had for moral decisions (Kohlberg, 1973).

Shcil free essay sample

Private sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country. After the Liberalization the Private industry still holds vast opportunities for young and experienced professionals. After Privatization, the PSU has been making efforts to improve efficiency and customer services. Among the financial services Stock Holding Corporation of India Ltd. is the key player. The financial Sector is full of competition even if there area lot of opportunities to the job in SHCIL and it is the platform to go on the highest peak in the life of any coming one.SHCIL is a single window that provides the multisystem facilities of the financial Products. There are many companies in the market which are providing the financial product like insurance demat account services, mutual funds, general insurance ,Portfolio management services(PMS), Money changing , Money Transfer, and the others. Hence SHCIL provides many financial products on the single window. SHCIL deals with the product and Investment options are available in: Equity (Stock) Trading. We will write a custom essay sample on Shcil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the management of SHCIL for giving opportunity to undergo this summer training project in esteemed organization. I place on my sincere thanks and gratitude to my project guide Mr. Vaibhav (Area Manager Ambala) who has been a constant source of inspiration support the course of the project. I am also very thankful to staff members of SHCIL for giving me all the important information whenever I approached them. At the end I will grateful to my parents and colleagues who have given every help and moral support which enabled me to pursue my training.SHCIL has received No Action Letter from the securities Exchange Commission, USA which enables it to provide custodial and related services to US- based funds as well. With the introduction of the depository related services to the retail segment and over the last few years, it has come to acquire the stature of being one of the largest Depository Participants besides being the largest c ustodian. The corporation provides depository related services to its retail segment through190 offices located across the length and breadth of the country.SHCIL has four subsidiaries, namely, SHCIL Services Ltd. (SSL) SHCIL Projects Ltd. (SPL), SHCIL Commodities and Derivatives Trading Company Ltd. ,(SCDTCL) and Untie Value Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Singapore (UVS). SHCIL has been earning profit consistently and declaring dividend right from its inception. SHCIL’s tangible net worth reached Rs. 1377 million as on March31, 2010. Products and Services Stock Holding Corporation India Ltd. has a complete portfolio of services to meet the requirements of clients. Offering more and more services with safety is a top most priority the corporation.Custodial Services: SHCIL has been providing first-rate custodial services over two decades to Indias leading Financial Institutions, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), Banks, Indian and Foreign Venture Capital Companies, Funds, PF Trusts and Corporate. The custodial services provided by SHCIL includes post trade settlement safe keeping, corporate action and customized reporting. Custodial business witnessed huge growth with the acquisition of new clients like Insurance companies, Banks.Clearing Services: SHCIL is the clearing member on futures and options segment of both NSE and BSE. SHCIL’s long standing association with clearing members has enabled to develop services based on understanding of their working and their requirement for timely and accurate information. Depository Services: A Depository holds securities (like Shares, Debentures, Bonds, Govt. Securities etc. ) of investors in electronic form. Besides holding securities depository also provides services related to transaction of securities. SHCIL is offering these services since 1998 and is the largest depository participant in india.These services includes account opening, modification of client details, processing settlement and non-settlement related transaction and dematerialisation of securities etc. Sub-Broking Services: SHCIL offers sub-broking operations through its subsidiary company SHCIL services ltd (SSL) on the BSE SHCIL through (SSL) provides speedy, safe, reliable and affordable broking services to retail, HNI and corporate clients through it wide network of branches spread across the country. The clients also have option of trading online from anywhere through internet.E-Stamping : SHCIL is authorised by government of india to act as central record keeping agency for computerization of stamp duty administration system initially for the period of 5 years. To implement this mandate an agreement was signed b/w SHCIL and Unitec Value Systems pvt. Ltd, Singapore in February 2007 for providing software solutions and support for E-Stamping System In india in association with M/s Crimson Logic Global pvt. Ltd. This operation is functional since February 2007. SHCIL receives mandates from the Government of Maharashtra, Delhi, Karnataka for implementation of e-stamping and agreements and been finalized.

president essays

president essays Election day is right around the corner. On November 7, 2000 American citizens will be voting whether they want George W. Bush as our president or Al Gore . Both candidate are well qualified for the job. As Alan Litchman said you have to have a certain basic level of intelligence. Al Gore has been our vice president for the past eight years and Mr. Bush is currently the Governor of George W. Bush and his running mate for vice president Dick Cheney are representing the Republican party. Mr.Bush has many plans for taxes such as: a portion of taxes should go to retirement, no one should have to pay more than a third of their pay check to taxes, eliminate the death tax, and to double the child deduction. He also wants to strengthen medicare by making prescription drugs affordable and available to senior citizens. He wants local government to have control of schools. He thinks that the military should get better pay and For the Democratic party Al Gore and running mate Joe Lieberman plan to continue to build on past successes. The Democratic Convention opens Monday in Los Angeles, but Gore will not give his acceptance speech until Thursday. Gore wants to distance himself from President Clinton with the words such as fresh start with regard to the Clinton scandals. Gore believes that that Georges budgets dont balance, because of a huge tax give aways to the wealthy instead of the middle class, and large deficits that can lead to high interest rates. Gore is also trying to burden the Bush campaign with voters memories of thehigh unemployment rates and weak economic growth that helped drive his father from the White House in 1992. I think which ever candidate is chosen for President will have many challenges in bringing respect and trust back into t ...

Workers compensation claim Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workers compensation claim - Assignment Example Employee can claim workers compensation benefits after being injured or when he or she develops a disease that is work related. Not all injuries are covered under Employee Compensation Law even after the injury â€Å"on the job. For it to be covered it must be accidental and arising in the course of carrying out work related duties. The law only protects workers. A genuine relationship between employer and employee must exist. Compensable injury claim must arise out of the employment (Jasper, 2008). Deriving support from Rensing v. Indiana State University (1993) and Coleman v. Western Michigan University (1983) cases it is clear that the student will not prevail in the case on the ground that workers compensation benefit is only available to employees. A student who is a football player who gets injured in the field cannot claim for workers compensation benefits because there is no working relationship between him and the university management. According to the employees, act the student does not meet the legal meaning of an employee. Workers Disability Compensation Act, which defines employees every person providing a service to another under contract of hire or apprenticeship, impress or implied, written or unwritten (Hotchkiss, 2003).The law is not limited to minors or aliens. The law also excludes volunteers. Student in this case is a volunteer since he is not paid any wages after playing football. The student is not regarded as an employee because he is not hired by the school to play football. For compensation to take place, the plaintiff must proof the following: that the company dictates or controls the actions of the employee, that there are rights to discipline or fire an employee. The plaintiff must also prove that payment of wages to cater for living expenses and whether task performed by proposed employee is an essential part of the employers business. The plaintiff cannot

Puerto Rican Americian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Puerto Rican Americian - Essay Example In 1508 Juan Ponce De Leon took over the island in the search of gold and killed many natives in this quest. Many of the Tainos were killed in this quest and the remaining Tainos fleed away to the mountains to save themselves. It was then that human trade began on this island and half the population of the island consisted of these slaves of African origin. In 1898 the Spanish American war decided the fate of the island in the hands of the United States. The island has ever since been in the control of United States and the people have accepted the fact by cutting down on their movement launched against the US. It has its own government but the presence of the American military is disturbing for some of the Puerto Ricans. The culture of the country is a blend between the natives and the African culture. People there can have the darkest of skin or they can even have a freckled white skin. The diverse culture of the country is the most interesting point along with the occasions that t he people of Puerto Rico celebrate. Traditions and culture would be the most important part of this essay and is discussed in the following paragraphs (Morris 1995; Galvan 2009). Importance of Puerto Rico to the United States Puerto Rico has proved to be an important territory for the United States as it can access different states through this region. It has also proved to be a region in which they can train and test their weapons. The bases of United States in Panama were closed in 1999 and Puerto Rico has ever since served the purpose (Giger & Davidhizar 2008). Economy of Puerto Rico The economics of the country depend upon different sources mainly tourism and different crops. The climate of the region ranges from 75 degree Farenheit to 85 degrees Farenheit. It has one of the most beautiful cruise ship ports known as San Juan. The tourism of the territory depends upon different resources and beaches and ports are one of these resources. Resorts and attractive destinations have pr oved to be a tourist attraction. The economy also depends upon different crops which include coffee, pineapples, mangos and plants. Although its economy is not suffering from any blow the per capita income of the state is still low in comparison to the United States of America (Giger & Davidhizar 2008). Culture of Puerto Rico The culture of Puerto Rico is diverse and people from different backgrounds reside in the region. The language spoken in the region is English and Spanish. The people of Puerto Rico are known for their hospitality and love. People in Puerto Rico express their love through gifts and homemade food. If a guest rejects a gift it might be considered as an insult by the individual who gifts. The celebrations in the region are respected by many people. The people of Puerto Rico also celebrate the holidays of the United States along with their own designated holidays. Puerto Rico Day, Three Kings Day and Constitution Day are all celebrated as the holidays of Puerto Ric o. Most of the people living in Puerto Rico are Catholics and they celebrate their holidays accordingly (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 1997; Morris & Bonilla 1997). Family values are respected a lot in the region and people have to live according to the old traditions. Marriage is a respected institution in the culture as they believe that having a kin is very important to expand their family. Although

Exposure to Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Exposure to Stereotypes Essay Exposures to Stereotypes The following paper will be an informative paper about stereotyping and exposure. Children are exposed to racism, cultural and gender stereotypes every day. This paper will explain why it is believed that movies, television series, children products smears children’s understanding of race, culture and gender and the messages that are being transpired. Examples will be given on the stereotypes. Strategies will also be given. Included in this paper will also include my thoughts and objectives. Stereotyping people has been happening for many centuries now. Early as in preschool is when most people begin being stereotyped. The saying, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover,† never seems to work because people take one look at someone else and judge. They judge them by how they walk, what they wear, how they present themselves, and then they have already stereotyped the person before getting to know them. When turning on the television many children are being introduced to many different stereotypes. The Cosby Show comes to mind when I think about coming up as a child. I somehow thought that this was the typical African American family. I learn a lot from this series however. This show was still on at a time when African American shows were unheard of to stay on a television station. It showed a wealthy family a dad that was a lawyer and a mom who was a doctor dealt with 5 children that kept them busy with school and other common youth issues. When I realize that my family was not the same I was devastated because I thought that all African Americans should be somewhat like the Huxtables Family. Moving along, when I became a little older my teacher showed my class a viewing of the movie collection of â€Å"Roots†. I was horrified but what I had seen. I thought that all Caucasians were mean because of me being exposed to racism in such a horrific way. Time made me so much wiser; it showed me that you cannot assume that all people of a certain race in bad just because a few people of a certain race made a very bad choice in life. Crying and yelling at night for about a week is what this movie did for me at that time. I had dreams of me being wrongfully mistreated and whipped. My mom came into my room one particular night and we talked about the situation. She told me that what I had seen in that movie was wrong but that it happened in a time were people were dealing with hatred. Furthermore, it was then that I realized that the media, music, books, toys, peers, adults, and many more all have either a negative or a positive effect on children. I also object to children being exposed or introduced to certain racial aspects of life. It is understood that we cannot protect them from everything but we can make a great effort a point to intercept the negativity. References: York, S. (2003) Roots and wings: Affirming culture in early childhood programs [Revised Ed]. Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, NJ 120528-002549 Ticket#.

American History X Essay -- essays research papers

American History X Derek & Danny’s Turning Point   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors contribute to decisions we make, often life changing decisions, like we see in â€Å"American History X† with brothers Danny and Derek. Both are active skinheads in Venice California, under command of Cameron Alexander a Neo-Nazi leader. Derek and Danny were not raised as racist, but when their father was killed by a black gang member, their views changed. Derek’s turning point for the better was during his time in jail. His brother is headed in the same direction, but Derek was a major influence in his racist deprogramming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Derek is the oldest of four children, his father was killed in a drive by, by a black gang member. This along with the persuasion of Cameron Alexander, Derek and his younger brother became hardcore skinheads. It took a lot of time, but Derek’s unfortunate experiences changed his racial views. The first we see this, is during the scene where he is released from prison. After his departure from jail, his old principal, Dr. Bob Sweeny, calls him and expresses his concern about the Hitler essay Danny wrote. Derek shares the principals concern and lectures Danny about what he has written, indicating that he has changed his views. Now that we realize he has had second thoughts, Derek warns Danny not to attend Cameron’s skinhead party, despite his word, Danny goes. Derek goes to the party to find Cameron, and tell him he is done, â€Å"I am done with all that bullshit out there and all of your bullshit. I’m out.† Cameron promises to kill Derek and Derek proceeds to beat him senseless. Danny refuses to go back with Derek, so he rushes out of there, after the other skinheads hear what he has done to Cameron.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the party, Danny catches up with Derek, and Derek explains what has caused him to reconsider his racist views. This is a crucial turning point, as we start to see his life in prison. While in jail, Derek becomes friends with the Neo-Nazi prisoners, but soon became disillusioned because of the inter-racial activities between his friends and the black inmates. Despite the racial hostility, the white prisoners bought drugs from the Hispanics. A large part of Derek’s rehabilitation comes when he bonds with a black inmate Lamont, another prisoner he works with. Lamont gives Derek helpful and friend... ... the same one he had a confrontation with earlier. Derek runs in and holds his head, and says â€Å"What did I do? God, what did I do?† This is powerful, in the sense that he feels responsible for the death of his brother, after they had changed their racist views torwards blacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie ends, with a powerful quote from Danny’s essay, although he is dead. â€Å"Hate is baggage. Life’s too short to be pissed off all the time. It’s just not worth it. We are not enemies, but friends.† â€Å" We must not be enemies, though passion may have strength, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cores of memory will swell and again touch as surely they will be by the better angels of our nature.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I believe that the movie is teaching anti-racism, as seen in the turning point of Derek and Danny Vineyard. Although the movie has shocking scenes, it is the harsh reality of what is really happening in America. The characters were very strong, and had distinct personalities. You can debate whether this is a pro-white movie, or anti-white movie, but I believe that it shows both sides, and you gain what you want from it.

Bank Notes Essay

Linear Probability Models (LPMs) * Econometric model to explain repayment experience on past/old loans. * Regression model with a â€Å"dummy† dependent variable Z; Z = 1 default and Z=0 no default. * Weakness: no guarantee that the estimated default probabilities will always lie between 0 and 1 (theoretical flaw) Logit and Probit Models * Developed to overcome weakness of LPM. * Explicitly restrict the estimated range of default probabilities to lie between 0 and 1. * Logit: assumes probability of default to be logistically distributed. Probit: assumes probability of default has a cumulative normal distribution function. Linear Discriminant Analysis * Derived from statistical technique called multivariate analysis. * Divides borrowers into high or low default risk classes. * Altman’s LDM = most famous model developed in the late 1960s. Z < 1. 8 (critical value), there is a high chance of default. * Weaknesses * Only considers two extreme cases (default/no default). * Weights need not be stationary over time. 3. New Credit Risk Evaluation Models Newer models have been developed – use financial theory and financial market data to make inferences about default probabilities. * Most relevant for evaluating loans to larger corporate borrowers. * Area of very active continuing research by FIs. Credit Ratings * Ratings change relatively infrequently – objective of ratings stability. * Only chance when there is reason to believe that a long-term change in the company’s creditworthiness has taken place. * S&P: AAA, AA, A, BBB, BB, B and CCC * Moody’s: Aaa, Aa, A, Baa, Ba, B and Caa Bonds with ratings of BBB and above are considered to be â€Å"investment grade† Estimating Default Probabilities 1. Historical Data * Provided by rating agencies e. g. cumulative average default rates * If a company starts with a: * Good credit rating, default probabilities tend to increase with time. * Poor credit rating, default prob abilities tend to decrease with time. * Default Intensity vs Unconditional Default Probability * Default intensity or hazard rate is the probability of default conditional on no earlier default. * Unconditional default probability is the probability of default as seen at time zero. Default intensities and unconditional default probabilities for a Caa rated company in the third year Supplement point 14 by monitoring a combination of internal reports, prudential reports and market information. 16. Should intervene to require effective and timely remedial action to address liquidity deficiencies. 17. Should communicate with other regulators e. g. central banks – cooperation TOPIC 7: CORE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE BANKING SUPERVISION Overview * Most important global standard for prudential regulation and supervision. * Endorsed by vast majority of countries. * Provides benchmark against which supervisory regimes can be assessed. * 1995: Mexican and Barings Crises Lyon Summit in 1996 for G7 Leaders. 1997: Document drafted and endorsed at G7 meeting. Final version presented at annual meetings of World Bank and IMF in Hong Kong. * 1998: G-22 endorsed * 2006: Revision of the Core Principles * 2011: Basel Committee mandates a major review, issues revised consultative paper. The Core Principles (2006) * 25 minimum requirements that need to be met for an effective re gulatory system. * May need to be supplemented by other measures. * Seven major groups * Framework for supervisory authority – Principle 1 * Licensing and structure – Principles 2-5 * Prudential regulations and requirements – Principles 6-18 * Methods of ongoing banking supervision – Principles 19-21 * Accounting and disclosure – Principle 22 * Corrective and remedial powers of supervisors – Principle 23 * Consolidated and cross-border banking – Principles 24-25. * Explicitly recognise: * Effective banking supervision is essential for a strong economic environment. * Supervision seeks to ensure banks operate in a safe and sound manner and hold sufficient capital and reserves. * Strong and effective supervision is a public good and critical to financial stability. * While cost of supervision is high, the cost of poor supervision is even higher. Key objective of banking supervision: * Maintain stability and confidence in the financial system * Encourage good corporate governance and enhance market transparency Revised Core Principles (2011) * Core Principles and assessment methodology merged into a single document. * Number of core principles increased to 29. * Takes account of several key trends and developments: * Need to deal with systemically important banks * Macroprudential focus (system-wide) and systemic risk * Effective crisis management, recovery and resolution measures. Sound corporate governance * Greater public disclosure and transparency enhance market discipline. * Two broad groups: 1. Supervisory powers, responsibilities and functions. Focus on effective risk-based supervision, and the need for early intervention and timely supervisory actions. Principles 1-13. 2. Prudential regulations and requirements. Cover supervisory expectations of banks, emphasising the importance of good corporate governance and risk management, as well as compliance with supervisory standards. Supervisory powers, responsibilities and functions 1. Clear responsibilities and objectives for each authority involved. Suitable legal framework. 2. Supervisor has operational independence, transparent processes, sound governance and adequate resources, and is accountable. 3. Cooperation and collaboration with domestic authorities and foreign supervisors. 4. Permissible activities of banks is controlled. 5. Assessment of bank ownership structure and governance. 6. Power to review, reject and impose prudential conditions on any changes in ownership or controlling interests. 7. Power to approve or reject major acquisitions. 8. Forward-looking assessment of the risk profile of banks and banking groups. 9. Uses appropriate range of techniques and tools to implement supervisory approach. 10. Collects, reviews and analyses prudential reports and statistical returns. 11. Early address of unsafe and unsound practices. 12. Supervises banking group on consolidated basis (including globally) 13. Cross-border sharing of information and cooperation. Prudential regulations and requirements 14. Robust corporate governance policies and processes. 15. Banks have a comprehensive risk management process, including recovery plans. 6. Set prudent and appropriate capital adequacy requirements. 17. Banks have an adequate credit risk management process. 18. Banks have adequate policies and processes for the early identification and management of problems assets, and maintain adequate provisions and reserves. 19. Banks have adequate policies re concentration risk. 20. Banks required to enter into any transactions with related pa rties on an arm’s length basis. 21. Banks have adequate policies re country and transfer risk. 22. Banks have an adequate market risk management process. 23. Banks have adequate systems re interest rate risk in the banking book. 24. Set prudent and appropriate liquidity requirements. 25. Banks have an adequate operational risk management framework. 26. Banks have adequate internal controls to establish and maintain a properly controlled operating environment for the conduct of their business. E. g. delegating authority and responsibility, separation of the functions that involve committing the bank. 27. Banks maintain adequate and reliable records, prepare financial statements in accordance with accounting policies etc. 8. Banks regularly publish information on a consolidated and solo basis. 29. Banks have adequate policies and processes e. g. strict customer due diligence. Preconditions for Effective Banking Supervision 1. Provision of sound and sustainable macroeconomic policies. 2. A well established framework for financial stability policy formulation. 3. A well developed public infrastructure 4. A clear framework for crisis managemen t, recovery and resolution 5. An appropriate level of systemic protection (or public safety net) 6. Effective market discipline 001: IMF and World Bank Study on Countries’ Compliance with Core Principles * 32 countries are compliant with 10 or few BCPs * Only 5 countries were assessed as fully compliant with 25 or more of the BCPs. * Developing countries less compliant than advanced economies. * Advanced economies generally possess more robust internal frameworks as defined by the ‘preconditions’ 2008: IMF Study on BCP Compliance * Based on 136 compliance assessments. * Continued work needed on strengthening banking supervision in many jurisdictions, particularly in the area of risk management. More than 40% of countries did not comply with the essential criteria of principles dealing with risk management, consolidated supervision and the abuse of financial services. * More than 30% did not possess the necessary operational independence to perform effective super vision nor have adequate ability to use their formal powers to take corrective action. * On average, countries in Western Europe demonstrated a much higher degree of compliance (above 90%) with BCP than their counterparts in other regions. * Africa and Western Hemisphere weak. Generally, high-income countries reflected a higher degree of compliance. TOPIC 8: CAPITAL ADEQUACY Overview * Adequate capital better able to withstand losses, provide credit through the business cycle and help promote public confidence in banking system. Importance of Capital Adequacy * Absorb unanticipated losses and preserve confidence in the FI * Protect uninsured depositors and other stakeholders * Protect FI insurance funds and taxpayers * Protect deposit insurance owners against increases in insurance premiums * To acquire real investments in order to provide financial services e. . equity financing is very important. Capital Adequacy * Capital too low banks may be unable to absorb high level of losses . * Capital too high banks may not be able to make the most efficient use of their resources. Constraint on credit availability. Pre-1988 * Banks regulated using balance sheet measures e. g. ratio of capital to assets. * Variations between countries re definitions, required ratios and enforcement of regulations. * 1980s: bank leverage increased, OBS derivatives trading increased. * LDC debt = major problem 1988 Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) * G10 agreed to Basel I Only covered credit risk * Capital / risk-adjusted assets > 8% * Tier 1 capital = shareholders equity and retained earnings * Tier 2 capital = additional internal and external resources e. g. loan loss reserves * Tier 1 capital / risk-adjusted assets > 4% * On-balance-sheet assets assigned to one of four categories * 0% – cash and government bonds * 20% – claims on OECD banks * 50% – residential mortgages * 100% – corporate loans, corporate bonds * Off-balance-sheet assets divided into co ntingent or guarantee contracts and FX/IR forward, futures, option and swap contracts. Two step process (i) derive credit equivalent amounts as product of FV and conversion factor then (ii) multiply amount by risk weight. * OBS market contracts or derivative instruments = potential exposure + current exposure. * Potential exposure: credit risk if counterparty defaults in the future. * Current exposure: cost of replacing a derivative securities contract at today’s prices. 1996 Amendment * Implemented in 1998 * Requires banks to measure and hold capital for market risk. * k is a multiplicative factor chosen by regulators (at least 3) VaR is the 99% 10-day value at risk SRC is the specific risk charge Total Capital = 0. 08 x [Credit risk RWA + Market risk RWA] where market risk RWA = 12. 5 x [k x VaR + SRC] Basel II (2004) * Implemented in 2007 * Three pillars 1. New minimum capital requirements for credit and operational risk 2. Supervisory review: more thorough and uniform 3. Market discipline: more disclosure * Only applied to large international banks in US * Implemented by securities companies as well as banks in EU Pillar 1: Minimum Capital Requirements * Credit risk measurement: * Standardised approach (external credit rating based risk weights) * Internal rating based (IRB) Market risk = unchanged * Operational risk: * Basic indicator: 15% of gross income * Standardised: multiplicative factor for income arising from each business line. * Advanced measurement approaches: assess 99. 9% worst case loss over one year. * Total capital = 0. 08 x [Credit risk RWA + market risk RWA + Operational risk RWA] Pillar 2: Supervisory Review * Importance of effective supervisory review of banks’ internal assessments of their overall risks. Pillar 3: Market discipline * Increasing transparency – public disclosure Basel 2. 5 (Implemented 2011) * Stressed VaR for market risk * Incremental risk charge Ensures products such as bonds and derivatives in the trading book have the same capital requirement that they would if they were in the banking book. * Comprehensive risk measure (re credit default correlations) Basel III (2010) * Considerably increase quality and quantity of banks capital * Macroprudential overlay – systemic risk * Allows time for smooth transition to new regime * Core capital only retained earnings and common shares * Reserves increased from 2% to 4. 5% * Capital conservation buffer – 2. 5% of RWA * Countercyclical capital buffer * Tracing/monitoring of liquidity funding Introduction of a maximum leverage ratio Capital Definitions and Requirements * Common equity > 4. 5% of RWA * Tier 1 > 6% of RWA * Phased implementation of capital levels stretching to Jan 1, 2015 * Phased implementation of capital definition stretching to Jan 1, 2018 Microprudential Features * Greater focus on common equity * Loss-absorbing during stress/crisis period capital conservation buffer * Promoting integrated manageme nt of market and counterparty credit risk. * Liquidity standard introduced introduced Jan 1, 2015 Introduced Jan 1, 2018 Available Stable Funding Factors Required Stable Funding Factors Macroprudential Factors * Countercyclical buffer * Acts as a brake in good times of high credit growth and a decompressor to restrict credit during downturns. * Within a range of 0-2. 5% * Left to the discretion of national regulators * Dividends restricted when capital is below required level * Phased in between Jan 1, 2016 – Jan 1, 2019 * Leverage Ratio * Target 3% * Ratio of Tier 1 capital to total exposure > 3% * Introduced on Jan 1, 2018 after a transition period * SIFIs * Required to hold additional loss absorbency capital, ranging from 1-2. 5% in common equity

The State of Todays Health Care System Essay - 1252 Words

The State of Todays Health Care System Today’s health care system is in a constant state of fluctuation and commotion. It is sometimes difficult for the health care consumer to identify a valuable resource when they need one. The purpose of this paper is to explore one of the many health care resources that are available in the greater Philadelphia area and then visit this site to learn more about it. Philadelphia, in itself is an outstanding resource to the people of the area. In terms of healthcare resource implications this is true. There are numerous teaching hospitals, museums, clinics, and educational centers in this region. I choose to learn more about Planned Parenthood, a well-known organization in this area as well as†¦show more content†¦Her goal was to both educate and provide for these women the reproductive services that were necessary for what she called reproductive freedom. Benefits of Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood provides numerous programs and services to the people of Southeaste rn Pennsylvania. I spoke with a woman named Megan (no last name was provided). She informed me of these services and programs, and helped me to gain a better understanding of what PP really is and does. Health Services. Planned Parenthood provides their services to women as well as men- it is a resource to be utilized by all. It is a common misconception that PP is for women only. They offer reproductive health care for men, women, and teens. They supply every FDA approved method of reversible birth control. These include natural family planning methods, Norplant, Depo-Provera, Birth control Pill, IUD (intrauterine device), condoms, Diaphragm, and cervical caps. Something that they offer is emergency contraception or the â€Å"morning after pill.† It decreases the likelihood of becoming pregnant even after the conception, because it decreases the healthy nature of the uterine wall. It is only effective within seventy-two hours following conception. They also offer walk-in pre gnancy testing, options counseling andShow MoreRelatedIntegrated Healthcare Delivery Systems ( Idss )863 Words   |  4 PagesS healthcare system has been characterized as complex, fragmented and costly, and one that thus results in an inefficient allocation of resources. Due to this, the concept of integrated healthcare delivery systems (IDSs) has gained much interest over the past few decades. Throughout healthcare policy, these systems have been considered the better solution to addressing issues surrounding not only the cost of care to the system, but the quality of care that is provided from the system. 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